高效bash脚本

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build-in commands

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if [[ "$var" -eq 3 ]];then
   echo "hello"
fi

minimize subshells

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output=$(<input.txt)

array

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color=("red" "yellow" "blue")
for col in "${color[@]}";
do
   echo $col
done

enable noclobber

可以防止overwrite。

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set -o noclobber

file operation

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while IFS= read -f line
do
echo $line
done <input.txt

parallel processing

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cat urls.txt | xargs -n 1 -P 4 curl -O

error handling

脚本一出错就退出来。

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set -e

个性化出错信息。

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command || { echo "command failded"; exit 1; }

trap signals 

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trap 'echo "error occurred"; cleanup; exit1' ERR
function cleanup(){
   #clean up command
}

validate inputs

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if [[ -z "$1" ]];then
   echo "Usage: $0 <argument>"
   exit 1
fi

logging

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logfile="script.log"
exec > >(tee -i $logfile)
exec 2>&1

echo "script started"

系统任务

系统备份

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set -e
trap ' echo "Backup failed"; exit 1' ERR
bk_up="/bak_dir"
ts=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
bkup_file="${bk_up}/backup_${ts}.tar.gz"
tar czf "$bkup_file" backup_files

系统监测

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threshold=80
partition="/dev/sda1"
usage=$(df -h | grep "$partition" | awk '{print $5}' | sed 's/%//')
if [[ "$usage" -gt "$threshold" ]];then
   echo "disk usage of $partition is above $threshold%"
fi

用户管理

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function add_user() {
    local username=$1
    useradd "$username" && echo "User $username added successfully."
}

function remove_user() {
}
case $1 in 
    add)
       add_user "$2"
       ;;
    remove)
       remove_user "$2"
       ;;
    *)
       echo "Usage : $0 {add|remove} <username>"
       exit 1
       ;;
esac

自动更新

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set -e
trap 'echo "update failed"; exit 1 ' ERR

apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y

网络配置

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function configure_network(){
     local interface=$1
     local ip_address=$$2
     local gateway=$3
     
     cat <<EOF >/etc/network/interfaces
auto $interface
iface $interface inet static
     address $ip_address
     gateway $gateway
EOF
     systemctl restart networking
     echo "network configured on $interface"
}